Designing Adaptive AV Interfaces: Linking Acceptance Profiles to Design Preferences for Enhanced Adoption

Technology Acceptance Models (TAMs) offer valuable insights into AV user acceptance, yet little research translates these factors into design requirements for partial and full autonomy (PAV/FAV). SOM clustering of 284 surveys revealed distinct acceptor and rejector profiles, with notable differences in performance expectancy, self-efficacy, and anxiety. Rejectors exhibited “autonomy sensitivity,” with increased demands for customization, redundancy, and experientiality in FAVs, while Acceptors maintained stable preferences. These findings inform our proposed Profile–Context Interaction (PCI) framework for dual-adaptive interfaces. The PCI framework recommends four design quadrants, Acceptor–PAV, Acceptor–FAV, Rejector–PAV, and Rejector–FAV to tailor interface features to both user profiles and autonomy levels, thereby bridging the gap between acceptance theory and actionable design.