Hybrid Paper-Digital Interfaces: A Systematic Literature Review

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Past research recognized that paper has many advantages over digital devices, such as affordability, tangibility, and flexibility. Paper, however, also lacks many of the functionalities available in digital technologies, such as access to online resources and the ability to display interactive content. Prior research therefore identified opportunities for fusing the two mediums into a combined interface. This work presents a literature review on this form of innovation - technologies that bridge the paper-digital gap. First, we synthesize an understanding of paper and its relationship with digital devices through the lens of past works. Then, we outline the state-of-the-art for paper-digital interfaces and highlight possible use cases and implementation approaches. Last, we discuss design considerations and future work for developing paper-digital interfaces. Our work may be beneficial for HCI researchers interested in the development of hybrid paper-digital interfaces, and more broadly in embedding digital functionalities in everyday objects.