Context-Based Interface Prototyping and Evaluation for (Shared) Autonomous Vehicles Using a Lightweight Immersive Video-Based Simulator

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Autonomous vehicles (AVs; SAE levels 4 and 5) develop rapidly, whereas appropriate methods for interface design and development for such driverless vehicles are still in their infancy. This paper presents a simple approach for context-based prototyping and evaluation of human-machine interfaces for (shared) AVs in public transportation. It demonstrates how to set up a lightweight immersive video-based AV simulator using real-world video and audio footage captured in urban traffic. In two user studies (n1 = 9; n2 = 31) we investigate presence perception and simulator sickness to provide initial evidence for the suitability of this cost-effective method. Furthermore, with the intent to increase presence perception and technology acceptance, we combine the AV simulator with a human actor imitating a passenger that gets on and off a shared AV ride.