Adjust for Trust: Mitigating Trust-Induced Inappropriate Reliance on AI Assistance

Trust biases how users rely on AI assistance in decision-making tasks, with overly low and high levels of trust resulting in increased under- and over-reliance, respectively. We propose that AI assistants should adapt their behavior through trust-adaptive interventions to mitigate such inappropriate reliance. For instance, when user trust is low, providing an AI explanation can elicit more careful consideration of the assistant's advice by the user. In two decision-making scenarios---laypeople answering science questions and doctors making diagnoses---we find that providing supporting and counter-explanations during moments of low and high trust, respectively, yields up to 38% reduction in inappropriate reliance and 20\% improvement in decision accuracy. We are similarly able to reduce over-reliance by adaptively inserting forced pauses to promote deliberation. Our results highlight how AI adaptation to user trust facilitates appropriate reliance, presenting exciting avenues for improving human-AI collaboration.