Dynamic Surveys: Using LLMs to Blend Qualitative Depth, Quantitative Structure, and Collaborative Interaction

Surveys are a powerful tool for collecting data and eliciting insights on social phenomena, and are critical in product design, marketing, scientific research, and other domains. However, traditional open-ended and closed-ended question formats limit researchers’ ability to capture data that combines both the richness of qualitative insights and the analytical rigor of quantitative data. Closed-ended questions facilitate structured data collection that is amenable to statistical analysis but limit respondents' answers. In contrast, open-ended questions allow for nuanced responses incorporating new perspectives but require significant effort to interpret due to their unstructured nature. Moreover, traditional survey tools lack mechanisms to prompt respondents for deeper reflections or to facilitate engagement with others' perspectives, limiting the potential for richer insights. To address these problems, we propose Dynamic Surveys, a survey platform that uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to dynamically cluster qualitative responses in real time and to elicit quantitative ratings and rankings on those clusters and qualitative reflections on how their views compare to broader respondent trends, especially helpful in early-stage or exploratory research settings. This process generates a report showing survey creators and respondents the clustered responses as well as each cluster's rank, rating distribution, and follow-up reflections. To evaluate Dynamic Surveys, we conducted two field studies with 93 participants over a 2-month period. In the first study, 52 students provided input for a career workshop, while in the second, 41 students gave feedback on gaps in their academic curriculum. Of these, 44 respondents filled out a survey on their experience using Dynamic Surveys. We also shared the generated report with 4 individuals who were interested in the insights for their work, and interviewed them to understand their perspectives on the results and any contextual risks they saw in the platform design. Our findings suggest that Dynamic Surveys not only provide richer and deeper insights into responses compared with traditional survey tools, but also increase engagement and foster a sense of community. We discuss broader implications for the design of survey platforms that blend qualitative depth with quantitative structure, facilitating richer insights and offering more collaborative interactions.