Fake Friends and Sponsored Ads: The Risks of Advertising in Conversational SearchDigital commerce thrives on advertising, with many of the largest technology companies relying on it as a significant source of revenue. However, in the context of information-seeking behavior, such as search, advertising may degrade the user experience by lowering search quality, misusing user data for inappropriate…2025JEJacob EricksonVassar CollegeConversational ChatbotsContent Moderation & Platform GovernanceMisinformation & Fact-CheckingCUI
Towards Age-Inclusive Conversational interfaces: Understanding Requirements Across Age GroupsAs Conversational User Interfaces (CUI) become integrated into daily life, users’ diversity, particularly in age, is increasing. However, older adults often encounter challenges interacting with CUI. Although some of these challenges can be mitigated through age-specific design, many mass-market CUI systems (e.g., sma…2025RBRezvan Boostani et al.University of TorontoVoice User Interface (VUI) DesignAging-Friendly Technology DesignCUI
The Ethics of Psychological Manipulation in Adversarial Conversational AI: Confronting the Recognition-Behaviour GapConversational AI systems, powered by advanced Large Language Models, have rapidly developed human-like persuasion capabilities that raise concerns about psychological manipulation. This provocation examines the ethical problems that arise when these systems exploit cognitive biases and social compliance mechanisms du…2025SAStephen Aboshi et al.University of StrathclydeAI Ethics, Fairness & AccountabilityCUI
Crossing the Line? The Paradox of Human-Like Design in Conversational AgentsSince the early development of conversational agents (CAs), human-likeness has been a central design focus. Numerous studies have highlighted the benefits of more human-like CAs, including user experience, engagement, and trust improvements. As a result, researchers have proposed guidelines for designing CAs that clos…2025NZNima Zargham et al.University of BremenAgent Personality & AnthropomorphismCUI
PITCH: Designing Agentic Conversational Support for Planning and Self-reflectionEffective planning and reflection are essential for knowledge workers' productivity and well-being, yet many struggle with them. While conversational agents (CAs) have shown promise, existing approaches rely on repetitive check-in without variance. We designed PITCH, a CA that checks in twice daily for morning plannin…2025AAAdnan Abbas et al.Virginia TechConversational ChatbotsKnowledge Worker Tools & WorkflowsCUI
Beyond Functionality: Co-Designing Voice User Interfaces for Older Adults' Well-beingThe global population is rapidly aging, necessitating technologies that promote healthy aging. Voice User Interfaces (VUIs), leveraging natural language interaction, offer a promising solution for older adults due to their ease of use. However, current design practices often overemphasize functionality, neglecting old…2025XHXinhui Hu et al.University of IllinoisVoice User Interface (VUI) DesignAging-Friendly Technology DesignParticipatory DesignCUI
Exploring Artists’ and Art Viewers’ Perspectives for Art Chatbots: Implications for a Design FrameworkRecent advances in large language models (LLMs) and conversational user interfaces (CUIs) unlock new ways to help art viewers get answers about artworks. To clarify the roles that artists and viewers envision for art chatbots, we conducted two empirical studies in the domain of traditional Chinese painting, given its…2025JLJinyu Liu et al.Durham UniversityConversational ChatbotsDesign FictionCUI
The Art of Talking Machines: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Conversational User InterfacesConversational User Interfaces (CUIs) enable human-like interactions via voice, text, and multimodal communication, driven by natural language processing and machine learning. Prior literature reviews have primarily focused on specific application domains or design aspects, lacking an integrated, multi-dimensional ana…2025MNMohammad (Matt) Namvarpour et al.Drexel UniversityIntelligent Voice Assistants (Alexa, Siri, etc.)Conversational ChatbotsAgent Personality & AnthropomorphismCUI
SmartEats: Investigating the Effects of Customizable Conversational Agent in Dietary RecommendationsIn conversational recommender systems (CRS), the communication characteristics exhibited by the conversational agent (CA) can greatly shape user experience and their perceptions of the recommendation quality. Yet, prior work often adopts a one-size-fits-all approach, leaving the potential benefits of CA customizabilit…2025MLMinhui Liang et al.City University of Hong KongIntelligent Voice Assistants (Alexa, Siri, etc.)Conversational ChatbotsRecommender System UXCUI
User Preferences in Conversational AI for Healthcare: Insights from an Interview StudyChatbot-based symptom diagnosis apps are becoming increasingly popular, yet concerns remain around usability and user trust. This study explores user preferences regarding chatbot characteristics using a rhetorical structure in symptom diagnosis chatbots. We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews across two use-case…2025RJRutuja Joshi et al.Technical University of MunichIntelligent Voice Assistants (Alexa, Siri, etc.)Conversational ChatbotsAgent Personality & AnthropomorphismCUI
TacTalk: Personalizing Haptics Through ConversationHaptic experiences are highly personal, but despite prior work exploring interfaces enabling personalization, we don't know what process drives the personalization of haptics. To enable a study of this process, including users' mental models and vocabularies, we introduce TacTalk, a conversational system enabling real…2025AMAnchit Mishra et al.University of WaterlooIn-Vehicle Haptic, Audio & Multimodal FeedbackConversational ChatbotsGame UX & Player BehaviorCUI
Learn, Explore and Reflect by Chatting: Understanding the Value of an LLM-Based Voting Advice Application ChatbotVoting advice applications (VAAs), which have become increasingly prominent in European elections, are seen as a successful tool for boosting electorates' political knowledge and engagement. However, VAAs' complex language and rigid presentation constrain their utility to less-sophisticated voters. While previous work…2025JZJianlong Zhu et al.Saarland UniversityConversational ChatbotsHuman-LLM CollaborationAI Ethics, Fairness & AccountabilityCUI
Mitigating Response Delays in Free-Form Conversations with LLM-powered Intelligent Virtual AgentsWe investigated the challenges of mitigating response delays in free-form conversations with virtual agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) within Virtual Reality (VR). For this, we used conversational fillers, such as gestures and verbal cues, to bridge delays between user input and system responses and evalu…2025MMMykola Maslych et al.University of Central FloridaSocial & Collaborative VRHuman-LLM CollaborationCUI
Transparent Conversational Agents: The Impact of Capability Communication on User Behavior and Mental Model AlignmentWhen a user interacts with a conversational agent for the first time, they may not be aware of the agent's capabilities, leading to suboptimal use or interaction breakdowns. To avoid a mismatch with the actual capabilities, the agent's capabilities have to be made transparent to the user. To investigate whether commu…2025MRMerle M. Reimann et al.Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAgent Personality & AnthropomorphismExplainable AI (XAI)Privacy by Design & User ControlCUI
DesignMinds: Enhancing Video-Based Design Ideation with a Vision-Language Model and a Context-Injected Large Language ModelIdeation is a critical component of video-based design (VBD), where videos serve as the primary medium for design exploration and inspiration. The emergence of generative AI offers considerable potential to enhance this process by streamlining video analysis and facilitating idea generation. In this paper, we present…2025THTianhao He et al.Delft University of TechnologyGenerative AI (Text, Image, Music, Video)Human-LLM CollaborationGraphic Design & Typography ToolsCUI
WatchWithMe: LLM-Based Interactive Guided Watching of Review VideosVideos are a popular way for viewers to follow topics of interest. In areas such as product and technology reviews, videos often present in-depth perspectives in a compact fashion, driving viewers to look for additional explanations. We propose WatchWithMe, an automatic approach that provides viewers in-context guided…2025PCPeggy Chi et al.GoogleConversational ChatbotsHuman-LLM CollaborationCUI
NeuroChat: A Neuroadaptive AI Chatbot for Customizing Learning ExperiencesGenerative AI is reshaping education by enabling personalized, on-demand learning experiences. However, current AI systems lack awareness of the learner’s cognitive state, limiting their adaptability. In parallel, electroencephalography (EEG)-based neuroadaptive systems have shown promise in enhancing engagement throu…2025DBDunya Baradari et al.Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBrain-Computer Interface (BCI) & NeurofeedbackHuman-LLM CollaborationIntelligent Tutoring Systems & Learning AnalyticsCUI
When AI Joins the Negotiation Table: Evaluating AI as a ModeratorNegotiation is a crucial decision-making process where parties seek to resolve differences and optimize outcomes. While prior research has focused on maximizing negotiation outcomes, fostering a collaborative atmosphere is essential for long-term relationship-building. This study explores the role of AI-assisted moder…2025CKCharlotte Kobiella et al.Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichAgent Personality & AnthropomorphismAI-Assisted Decision-Making & AutomationCUI
Hearing Ambiguity: Exploring Beyond-Gender Impressions of Artificial Ambiguous VoicesVoice perception plays a fundamental role in all types of interactions, from human-to-human communication to human-technology interaction. When it comes to technology, we sometimes have the option to choose the type of voice we want to hear. But why is the default (almost) always a feminine or masculine voice? In this…2025MCMartina De Cet et al.Chalmers University of TechnologyVoice User Interface (VUI) DesignMultilingual & Cross-Cultural Voice InteractionAgent Personality & AnthropomorphismCUI
ActionaBot: Structuring Metacognitive Conversations towards In-Situ Awareness in How-To Instruction FollowingPeople often rely on shared procedures and tips to handle unfamiliar tasks, but following tutorials can be challenging. Individuals may skip steps, alter actions, or miss information, leading to mistakes or task failure. Tutorials are often based on personal experiences and may omit important details, which vary with…2025QZQingxiaoyang Zhu et al.University of California, DavisConversational ChatbotsAgent Personality & AnthropomorphismPrototyping & User TestingCUI