Exploring the Design of Collaborative Technological Systems to Assist Patients in Motivating Quitting Gambling with Family Members Gambling addiction can have a profound impact on the mental and financial well-being of individuals and their families. This paper presents an in-depth study on the development of technologies aimed at promoting collaborative efforts between patients and family members to deal with gaming addiction. The study performed interviews with ten pairs of gambling-addicted patients with a family member, six patients without family participation, and four treatment experts. Thematic analysis was conducted from the perspectives of patients and family members with the aim of identifying key themes underlying the development of the three antecedents of Planned Behavioral Theory: attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. In accordance with the tenets of Prospect Theory, we sought to elucidate the process of attitude formation during editing and evaluation. We also conducted a thematic analysis of the opportunities and concerns in designing technologies aimed at overcoming gambling addiction. The identified themes provided a basis by which to assess design implications from the perspective of Planned Behavioral Theory. Our analysis revealed three directions for future development: 1) Helping patients to make informed gambling decisions through rational editing and evaluation, as suggested by Prospect Theory (attitude level); 2) promoting communication within families to enhance mutual understanding and trust (subjective norm level); and 3) helping patients to develop personal capabilities, while providing a realistic impression of their progress (perceived behavioral control level).
Facilitating Support and Belonging
CSCW 2025 Not What I Want to Log or Share: Exploring How to Enhance Technological Support through Affordable Behavioral Self-Monitoring and Data Sharing with Key Support Figures Shopping addiction is characterized by unrestrained repetitive purchasing behavior, negatively impacting one’s financial stability and social welfare. This study sought to gain insights into the development of self-monitoring devices and data sharing schemes to assist in dealing with shopping addiction. In this two-phase study, the Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale was first used in the pre-study screening survey to identify individuals with a propensity toward shopping addiction. In the second phase, an online survey was conducted, comprising (1) a study introduction and consent form, (2) the main survey, and (3) follow-up demographic questions. Phase II involved 332 participants meeting this criterion and was conducted to examine behavioral tendencies, evaluate prior intervention experiences, and elicit user preferences pertaining to self-monitoring and data sharing. The majority of respondents expressed a preference for systems that facilitate the tracking of shopping behavior and enable data sharing with intimate partners. Based on these findings, we recommend three directions for the further development of support systems: 1) Reduce the burden of mood tracking; 2) Streamline mechanisms for sharing data with key support figures; and 3) Tailor intervention strategies in accordance with key addiction indicators.
Beyond AI: Additional Considerations for Enhancing Healthcare
CSCW 2025 emoji_events Bridging Coaching Knowledge and AI Feedback to Enhance Motor Learning in Basketball Shooting Mechanics Through a Knowledge-Based SOP Framework We present a methodology for designing an AI feedback system aimed at assisting basketball beginners in refining their shooting techniques during independent practice sessions. Mastering shooting mechanics requires consistent, precise repetition, which traditionally depends on coaching feedback and the breakdown of movements into steps during the early stages. However, due to limited coaching resources, this guidance is often unavailable, leading to ineffective and even detrimental motor learning. To bridge this gap, we propose a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) framework grounded in expert human knowledge, or knowledge-based SOP, which allows our AI-driven system to verify and guide players' movements in real-time. Through a formative study involving interviews with 13 coaches and players, we identified key challenges faced by beginners, such as uncertainty in movement correctness and lack of guidance during unsupervised practice. Our AI system addresses these issues by providing immediate, actionable feedback using SOP tailored to individual players. In a study with 28 participants, we confirmed that our system improves shooting form, increases confidence in adjustments, and enhances self-awareness during practice. This work highlights the potential of integrating coaching expertise with AI to empower athletes with more effective tools for self-directed practice.
JW
Jian-Jia Weng et al. National Tsing Hua University, Institute of Service Science
Multiplayer & Social Games Fitness Tracking & Physical Activity Monitoring
CHI 2025 Signals Beyond Text: Understanding How Accessing Peer Concept Mapping and Commenting Augments Reflective Mind for High-Stake Videos In high-stakes domains, deep analytical processing of online videos is essential for decision-making and knowledge acquisition. However, individuals may lack sufficient cognitive resources and triggers to engage in such processes. To address this, we introduce DeepThinkingMap, a collaborative video mapping system with affordances designed to leverage peers' thoughts and comments to promote reflective and critical thinking. Thee design supports collaborative mapping of video concepts and supports open deliberations of personal thoughts over concepts as "thinking nudges" to foster deeper thinking for themselves and others. Through two experimental studies, we investigated the potential of deeper thinking by accessing peers' thoughts in standalone and collaborative information work respectively. Results illustrated that accessing peers' comments enhances personal engagement in reflective and critical thinking, and reinforces their confidence in their correct beliefs toward the video topics. This work contributes to understanding the socio-technical-cognitive mechanism of thinking while accessing peer comments, and presents design implications for information and knowledge work.
JL
Jingxian Liao et al. UC Davis, Department of Computer Science
Interactive Data Visualization Knowledge Worker Tools & Workflows Prototyping & User Testing
CHI 2025 Ad Recommended
Learn AI Coding at CodeNow open_in_new Toward Understanding the Impact of Visualized Focus Levels in Virtual Reality on User Presence and Experience Neurofeedback refers to the process of feeding a sensory representation of brain activity back to users in real time to improve a particular brain function, e.g., their focus and/or attention on a particular task. This study addressed the notable lack of research on methods used to visualize EEG data and their effects on the immersive quality of VR. We developed an algorithm to quantify focus, yielding a focus score. A pre-study with twenty participants confirmed its effectiveness in distinguishing between focused and relaxed mental states. Subsequently, we used this focus score to prototype a VR experience system visualizing the focus score in preconfigured manners, which was utilized in an exploratory study to assess the impact of different neurofeedback visualization methods on user engagement and focus in VR. Among all the visualization methods evaluated, the environmental scheme stood out due to its superior usability during task execution, its ability to evoke positive emotions through the visualization of objects or scenes, and its minimal deviation from user expectations. Additionally, we explored design guidelines based on collected results for future research to further refine the visualization scheme, ensuring effective integration of the focus score within the VR environment. These enhancements are crucial for designing neurofeedback visualization schemes that aim to boost participant focus in VR settings, offering significant insights into the optimization of such technologies.
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) & Neurofeedback Immersion & Presence Research
MobileHCI 2024 E3D: Harvesting Energy from Everyday Kinetic Interactions Using 3D Printed Attachment Mechanisms "The increase of distributed embedded systems has enabled pervasive sensing, actuation, and information displays across buildings and surrounding environments, yet also entreats huge cost expenditure for energy and human labor for maintenance. Our daily interactions, from opening a window to closing a drawer to twisting a doorknob, are great potential sources of energy but are often neglected. Existing commercial devices to harvest energy from these ambient sources are unaffordable, and DIY solutions are left with inaccessibility for non-experts preventing fully imbuing daily innovations in end-users. We present E3D, an end-to-end fabrication toolkit to customize self-powered smart devices at low cost. We contribute to a taxonomy of everyday kinetic activities that are potential sources of energy, a library of parametric mechanisms to harvest energy from manual operations of kinetic objects, and a holistic design system for end-user developers to capture design requirements by demonstrations then customize augmentation devices to harvest energy that meets unique lifestyle." https://doi.org/10.1145/3610897
Ubiquitous Computing Desktop 3D Printing & Personal Fabrication Customizable & Personalized Objects
UbiComp 2023 Headar: Sensing Head Gestures for Confirmation Dialogs on Smartwatches with Wearable Millimeter-Wave Radar "Mobile sensing is a ubiquitous and useful tool to make inferences about individuals' mental health based on physiology and behavior patterns. Along with sensing features directly associated with mental health, it can be valuable to detect different features of social contexts to learn about social interaction patterns over time and across different environments. This can provide insight into diverse communities' academic, work and social lives, and their social networks. We posit that passively detecting social contexts can be particularly useful for social anxiety research, as it may ultimately help identify changes in social anxiety status and patterns of social avoidance and withdrawal. To this end, we recruited a sample of highly socially anxious undergraduate students (N=46) to examine whether we could detect the presence of experimentally manipulated virtual social contexts via wristband sensors. Using a multitask machine learning pipeline, we leveraged passively sensed biobehavioral streams to detect contexts relevant to social anxiety, including (1) whether people were in a social situation, (2) size of the social group, (3) degree of social evaluation, and (4) phase of social situation (anticipating, actively experiencing, or had just participated in an experience). Results demonstrated the feasibility of detecting most virtual social contexts, with stronger predictive accuracy when detecting whether individuals were in a social situation or not and the phase of the situation, and weaker predictive accuracy when detecting the level of social evaluation. They also indicated that sensing streams are differentially important to prediction based on the context being predicted. Our findings also provide useful information regarding design elements relevant to passive context detection, including optimal sensing duration, the utility of different sensing modalities, and the need for personalization. We discuss implications of these findings for future work on context detection (e.g., just-in-time adaptive intervention development)." https://doi.org/10.1145/3610900
Foot & Wrist Interaction Human Pose & Activity Recognition Sleep & Stress Monitoring
UbiComp 2023 Understanding and Designing Multi-level Preventive Medication Support Against HIV for Men who Have Sex with Men in Taiwan Sexual health is an important domain that deserves more HCI attention, such as supporting the practices of men who have sex with men (MSM) against HIV risks. One current clinical approach to addressing this issue is to use preventive medicine like pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). As medication adherence of PrEP is challenging that involves users’ individual knowledge, sex practices, relational status, and community support, technological mediation benefits from a human-centered perspective that goes beyond individual-level support to understand MSM’s needs so as to design a holistic technological intervention for them. With an in-depth interview (n = 22) with MSM from two major cities in Taiwan, we drew on the theoretical framework of the social ecological model and identified three levels of influences, including individual, interpersonal, and sociocultural, that shape the enablers, inhibitors, risks and challenges, and support towards MSM’s PrEP use. We proposed correspondent technological design implications to support what we found based on the understanding of our participants.
CY
Chien Wen (Tina) Yuan et al.
Health
CSCW 2023 Understanding the Benefits and Design of Chatbots to Meet the Healthcare Needs of Migrant Workers Economically disadvantaged migrant workers are one of the most vulnerable groups in healthcare. Studies have shown that chatbots can help patients and health professionals in healthcare settings. However, the design of health chatbots for migrant workers has not been thoroughly investigated. Scenario-based interviews with nineteen participants, including ten economically disadvantaged Thai migrant workers and nine relevant stakeholders, were conducted to examine how they seek healthcare, obtain health information, and communicate with health professionals to gain a deeper understanding of the barriers that migrant workers encounter in healthcare. The findings of the interview show that migrant workers face a variety of barriers, such as a lack of familiarity with the healthcare system in the host country, language barriers, cultural barriers to seeking healthcare, and communication barriers with health professionals. Then, the technological design strategies and the benefits of health chatbots from the perspective of migrant workers were discussed, including their potential to help migrant workers navigate the healthcare system step-by-step, obtain reliable health information, improve their health literacy, and facilitate communication with health professionals. Finally, five design implications for chatbots were proposed to guide future development of health chatbots to help migrant workers. Policymakers and health professionals can benefit from the design implications of migrant worker-centered health chatbots when they develop health chatbots that promote the health and well-being of migrant workers.
Health
CSCW 2023 Mind and Body: The Complex Role of Social Resources in Understanding and Managing Depression in Older Adults Depression is the most common mental health problem in older adults; however, a lack of understanding in the interaction between physical and social causes hinders effective treatment. Unique issues such as age-specific increases in comorbid physical problems and alienation from social contact can make it difficult for health providers to identify instances of depression. These also make it difficult for depressed older adults to communicate with their social resources, such as friends, family, and health providers. Integrating technology-assisted collaboration with members of patients' social network to observe and manage multi-dimensional factors in depressed older adults' states is a potential way to improve the quality of practitioners' treatment-planning around these multi-dimensional factors, as well as provide assistance for family and friends' involvement in managing the depression. We conducted an interview study on stakeholders' perceptions of depression and communication to understand the opportunities and challenges involved in implementing such collaborative design. Interviewees included 16 depressed older adult patients, 10 of their family members, and two psychiatrists. Our findings reveal new insights into 1) patients' and families' social values and understandings of patients' condition, as well as 2) how these values and understandings influenced decision-making on communicating with each other and acting on depression. These insights have implications for the consideration of information and communication systems to aid depressed older adults' recovery and engagement with social network members.
Older Adults
CSCW 2023 Trigger or Treat: Using Technology to Facilitate the Perception of Cravings and Corresponding Cues for Achieving Clinical-friendly Drug Psychotherapy Drug addiction is a chronic condition, marked by compulsive drug use. In previous research, cue exposure and biofeedback technologies proved effective in drug psychotherapy sessions; however, the focus has generally been on the awareness of cravings and the identification of cues. There has been relatively little research on methods aimed at facilitating therapist-patient communication, particularly from a user-centered perspective. In this paper, we describe a qualitative technology probe study exploring the means by which patients identify cues and perceive cravings as well as the way that they communicate with therapists. Our analysis considers the difficulties in cue identification and craving perception, the interactions between the two, and the means by which these characteristics could impact the design of VR support systems in the future.
Mental Health II
CSCW 2023 Scanning or Simply Unengaged in Reading? Opportune Moments for Pushed News Notifications and Their Relationship with Smartphone Users’ Choice of News-reading Modes News notifications on smartphones provide a convenient way to stay informed, but their delivery timing can influence user engagement. Despite this, research on the impact of notification timing on reading behavior remains limited. Therefore, we developed NewsMoment, a news aggregation app that monitors user reading patterns and sends news notifications. Our experience sampling study with 46 NewsMoment users revealed four distinct reading modes: typical, comprehensive, scanning, and unengaged. Deep reading, encompassing typical and comprehensive modes, more often occurred during self-initiated browsing rather than through pushed news. Interestingly, shallow reading modes - unengaged and scanning - showed varying prevalence, associated triggers, and engagement, despite their similarities. Importantly, unengaged reading persisted regardless of users' perceived moment opportuneness, whereas scanning reading was more common during inopportune moments. These findings suggest that identifying opportune moments for news reading may primarily reduce scanning reading, without substantially impacting unengaged reading.
Social Platform Design & User Behavior Notification & Interruption Management
MobileHCI 2023 What is in the Cards: Exploring Uses, Patterns, and Trends in Design Cards Card-based design tools–design cards–increasingly present opportunities to support practitioners. However, the breadth and depth of the design card landscape remain underexplored. In this work, we surveyed 103 design practitioners to assess current usages and associated barriers. Additionally, we analyzed and classified 161 decks of design cards from 1952-2020. We held a workshop with four experienced practitioners to generate initial categories, and then coded the remaining decks. We found that the cards contain seven different types of design knowledge: Creative Inspiration; Human Insights; Material & Domain; Methods & Tooling; Problem Definition; Team Building; and Values in Practice. The content of these cards can support designers across design stages; however, most are intended to support the early stages of design (e.g., research and ideation) rather than later design stages (e.g., prototyping and implementation). We share additional patterns uncovered and provide recommendations to support the future development and adoption of these tools.
GH
Gary Hsieh et al. University of Washington
Universal & Inclusive Design Participatory Design
CHI 2023 I Like Their Autonomy and Closeness to Me: Uncovering the Perceived Appeal of Social-Media Influencers The proliferation of influencers on social-media platforms has drawn considerable research attention, particularly in the field of marketing. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding among HCI and communication researchers of what leads these social-media influencers’ (SMIs’) audiences to favor and choose their content over traditional media. To fill this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 45 SMI audience members. Our findings revealed a total of eight categories of SMIs’ appeals, i.e., factors that made the interviewees favor their content over traditional media. These appeals can further be grouped into three categories: content, presentation, and closeness. In particular, we identified the key role of SMIs’ perceived high autonomy and independence, which led both their content and their presentation styles to be seen as distinct from and more appealing than traditional media. Likewise, four closeness appeals made our participants feel emotionally attached to SMIs, resulting in sustained engagement.
YC
Yu-Ling Chou et al. National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Agent Personality & Anthropomorphism AI Ethics, Fairness & Accountability Social Platform Design & User Behavior
CHI 2023 Get Distracted or Missed the Stop? Investigating Public Transit Passengers’ Travel-Based Multitasking Behaviors, Motives, and Challenges Mobile users commonly multitask during travel, but doing so on public transit can be challenging due to the dynamic nature of the environment as well as long-standing lack of infrastructural support. Nevertheless, HCI scholars and practitioners have devoted relatively little attention to developing technology for enhancing travel multitasking. To facilitate such development, we sought to understand travel multitaskers’ practices and challenges while on public transit, and to that end, conducted a multi-methods study that involved shadowing and interviewing 30 of them. We identified four travel-multitasking patterns, characterized by distinct motives that affected these travelers’ multitasking practices, receptivity to environmental stimuli, and task persistence. The two main challenges they encountered during travel multitasking resulted from mutual interference from their tasks and from the dynamic nature of transit environments. Based on these findings, design recommendations for public-transit agencies and mobile services are also provided.
HL
Hsinju Lee et al. National Tsing Hua University
Notification & Interruption Management Public Transit & Trip Planning
CHI 2023 Governing online goods: Maturity and formalization in Minecraft, Reddit, and World of Warcraft communities Building a successful community means governing active populations and limited resources. This challenge often requires communities to design formal governance systems from scratch. But the characteristics of successful institutional designs are unclear. Communities that are more mature and established may have more elaborate formal policy systems (as cause or effect of their success). Alternatively, they may require less formalization precisely because of their maturity: because they have more latitude and capacity to select and acculturate new members, or because their reputations encourage greater self-selection. Indeed, scholars often downplay the role that formal rules relative to unwritten rules, norms, and values. But in a community with formal rules, decisions are more consistent, transparent, and legitimate. To understand the relationship of formal institutions to community maturity and governance style, we conduct a large-scale quantitative analysis applying institutional analysis frameworks of self-governance scholar Elinor Ostrom to 80,000 communities across 3 platforms: the sandbox game Minecraft, the MMO game World of Warcraft, and Reddit. We classify communities' written rules according to several institutional taxonomies in order to test predictors of institutional formalization. From this analysis we extract two major findings. First, institutional formalization, the size and complexity of an online community’s governance system, is generally positively associated with maturity, as measured by age, population size, or degree of user engagement. Second, we find that online communities employ similar governance styles across platforms, strongly favoring “weak” norms to “strong” requirements. These findings suggest that designers and founders of online communities converge, to some extent independently, on styles of governance practice that are correlated with successful self-governance. With deeper insights into the patterns of successful self-governance, we can help more communities overcome the challenges of self-governance and create for their members powerful experiences of shared meaning and collective empowerment.
Online Community Governance; Online Community Governance
CSCW 2022 To Use or Abuse: Opportunities and Difficulties in the Use of Multi-channel Support to Reduce Technology Abuse by Adolescents Technology abuse among adolescents refers to the problematic use of technology devices, and the negative impact it can have on lifestyle and one’s physical and mental health. This paper reports on in-depth interviews with 15 dyads of adolescent patients, their parents, and four experts with the objective of unraveling the issue of technology abuse. We conducted qualitative analysis aimed at unpacking the contextual factors affecting technology abuse, and differences between adolescents and their parents pertaining to this issue. Our discussions led us to formulate solutions to technology abuse: (1) motivating adolescents by sending timely reminders and providing interactive micro-incentives; (2) promoting communication between adolescents and their parents by sharing usage data related to device usage; and (3) incorporating social supports to complement parental support, while fulfilling the adolescent’s social needs. This paper provides valuable insights into the design of technological solutions aimed at mediating technology abuse.
Health and Consultation Practices, Addictive Behaviors, and Social Re-entry; Health and Consultation Practices, Addictive Behaviors, and Social Re-entry
CSCW 2022 ForceSight: Non-Contact Force Sensing with Laser Speckle Imaging Force sensing has been a key enabling technology for a wide range of interfaces such as digitally enhanced body and world surfaces for touch interactions. Additionally, force often contains rich contextual information about user activities and can be used to enhance machine perception for improved user and environment awareness. To sense force, conventional approaches rely on contact sensors made of pressure-sensitive materials such as piezo films/discs or force-sensitive resistors. We present ForceSight, a non-contact force sensing approach using laser speckle imaging. Our key observation is that object surfaces deform in the presence of force. This deformation, though very minute, manifests as observable and discernible laser speckle shifts, which we leverage to sense the applied force. This non-contact force-sensing capability opens up new opportunities for rich interactions and can be used to power user-/environment-aware interfaces. We first built and verified the model of laser speckle shift with surface deformations. To investigate the feasibility of our approach, we conducted studies on metal, plastic, wood, along with a wide variety of materials. Additionally, we included supplementary tests to fully tease out the performance of our approach. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability of ForceSight with several demonstrative example applications.
Force Feedback & Pseudo-Haptic Weight
UIST 2022 “Because I’m Restricted, 2–4 PM Unable to See Messages”: Exploring Users’ Perceptions and Likely Practices around Exposing Attention-management Information on IM Statuses Attention-management tools can restrict online communication, but may cause collateral damage to their users’ fulfillment of communication expectations. This paper explores the idea of integrating attention management into instant messaging (IM), by 1) disclosing restriction status via an online status indicator (OSI) to manage contacts’ expectations, and 2) imposing communication limits to reduce communication distraction. We used a speed-dating design method to allow 43 participants to rapidly compare 48 types of OSI restriction in various conversational contexts. We identified two “tug-of-wars” that take place when attention management is integrated into IM apps: one between fulfilling one’s contacts’ expectations and protecting one’s own attention, and the other, between protecting one’s privacy and asserting the justifiability of using communication restrictions. We also highlighted the participants’ desire to be diplomatic for sustaining their positive images and maintaining relational connectedness. Finally, we provide design recommendations for integrating attention management into IM apps.
YC
Yu-Ling Chou et al. National Tsing Hua University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Notification & Interruption Management
CHI 2022 This App is not for Me: Using Mobile and Wearable Technologies to Improve Adolescents’ Smartphone Addiction through the Sharing of Personal Data with Parents Smartphone addiction refers to the problematic use of smartphones, which can negatively impact one’s quality of life and even health. We conducted a two-week technology probe study to explore the use of technologies aimed at improving smartphone addiction among seven dyads of adolescents and their parents. Interviews conducted during and after the probe study revealed that manually reporting lifestyle and well-being data could provide motivation to improve one’s lifestyle and well-being by moderating phone use. Sharing smartphone use data with parents was also shown to head off negative communication loops and foster opportunities to overcome the smartphone addiction.
PC
Pin-Chieh Chen et al. National Tsing Hua University
Mental Health Apps & Online Support Communities Sleep & Stress Monitoring Smartwatches & Fitness Bands
CHI 2022