How Can I Signal You To Trust Me: Investigating AI Trust Signalling in Clinical Self-AssessmentsIndividuals are increasingly interested in and responsible for assessing their own health. This study evaluates a fictional AI dermatologist for assistance in the self-assessment of moles. Building on the Signalling Theory, we tested the effect of textual descriptions provided by a virtual dermatologist, as manipulated across 'Ability', 'Integrity,' and 'Benevolence', along with the clinical assessment, 'benign' or 'malignant', affect users' trust in the aforementioned trust pillars. Our study (N = 40) follows a 2 (Ability low/high) x 2 (Integrity low/high) x 2 (Benevolence low/high) x 2 (mole assessment benign/malignant) within-subject factorial design. Our results demonstrate that we can successfully influence perceptions of ability and benevolence by manipulating the corresponding aspects of trust but not perceived integrity. Further, in the case of a malignant assessment, participants' perception of trust increased across all aspects. Our results provide insights into the design of AI support systems for sensitive use cases, such as clinical self-assessments.2024NKNaja Kathrine Kollerup et al.Explainable AI (XAI)AI-Assisted Decision-Making & AutomationMental Health Apps & Online Support CommunitiesDIS
“You Can Find a Part of my Life in Every Single App”: An Interview Study of What Makes Smartphone Applications Special to Their UsersIn the 1979 book "The Meaning of Things'' Csikszentmihalyi and Rochberg-Halton studied people's perception of the significance of things in the home. They emphasized how things influence the self, and vice versa. We propose that their method and analytical framework can help to understand the analogous question for smartphones: Why are some apps special to users? Using the framework, we conduct and analyze 60 interviews with people aged 21 to 41; with participants' consent, we made the anonymized transcripts publicly available. The analysis of the interviews shows that participants find apps special because they are convenient, support personal goals and social communication, help them remember, and serve emotional functions. Participants report that their identity is intertwined with certain apps, even if they are annoying or cause dependency. Importantly, we also find that participants actively regulate their use of apps through their organization and particular use strategies.2024KHKasper Hornbæk et al.University of CopenhagenSocial Platform Design & User BehaviorOnline Identity & Self-PresentationCHI
Living with Sound Zones: A Long-term Field Study of Dynamic Sound Zones in a Domestic ContextSound zone technology enables multiple people to have personal and shared listening experiences without disturbing each other. Methods for constructing sound zones have now matured enough to allow installations outside of experimental laboratories, making it essential for further development to conduct empirical studies about how people adopt, use, and interact with sound zones in, e.g., domestic settings. To that end, we conducted a four-week field study with a sound zone system in five households. Through an inductive reflexive thematic analysis, we identify three themes relating to 1) experiencing sound zones in everyday life, 2) sound zone usage patterns in households, and 3) interacting with sound zones. Based on these themes, we discuss how sound zones can be used to manage sound in homes in new ways to allow for better social coexistence and listening experiences. We present four directions for future HCI research and interaction design to comply with user needs and considerations when using this novel technology.2023RJRune Møberg Jacobsen et al.Aalborg UniversityIn-Vehicle Haptic, Audio & Multimodal FeedbackSmart Home Interaction DesignCHI
Robots as a Place for Socializing: Influences of Collaborative Robots on Social Dynamics In- and Outside the Production CellsIntroducing robots in the workplace entails new practices and configurations at the individual, organizational, and social levels. Prior work has focused on how robots may have an immediate effect on individual employees or tasks rather than their gradual influences on employees collectively or their organization over time. By drawing on fourteen in-situ interviews with six cobot operators in a Danish manufacturing company, this paper investigates how collaborative robots (cobots) in the manufacturing context may engage broader interactions beyond the robot-operator interaction. This includes spatial configurations centering around the cobots, social interactions among employees, and information flow through, within, or outside the production cell. Introducing and implementing cobots has social dynamics at its core, which we explore in-depth. This paper argues that the design of cobots and the environment around them should accommodate the possibility of more complicated social and organizational changes brought about by these robots. Lastly, we discuss research and design implications for the future of workplaces involving robots.2022ECEunJeong Cheon et al.Human-Robot InteractionCSCW
Robots as a Place for Socializing: Influences of Collaborative Robots on Social Dynamics In- and Outside the Production CellsIntroducing robots in the workplace entails new practices and configurations at the individual, organizational, and social levels. Prior work has focused on how robots may have an immediate effect on individual employees or tasks rather than their gradual influences on employees collectively or their organization over time. By drawing on fourteen in-situ interviews with six cobot operators in a Danish manufacturing company, this paper investigates how collaborative robots (cobots) in the manufacturing context may engage broader interactions beyond the robot-operator interaction. This includes spatial configurations centering around the cobots, social interactions among employees, and information flow through, within, or outside the production cell. Introducing and implementing cobots has social dynamics at its core, which we explore in-depth. This paper argues that the design of cobots and the environment around them should accommodate the possibility of more complicated social and organizational changes brought about by these robots. Lastly, we discuss research and design implications for the future of workplaces involving robots.2022ECEunJeong Cheon et al.Human-Robot InteractionCSCW
Working with Bounded Collaboration: A Qualitative Study on how Collaboration is Co-constructed around Collaborative Robots in IndustryWe investigate how collaboration is understood and configured in industrial workplaces with collaborative robots (cobots). Through a qualitative analysis of 115 case studies of companies using cobots and 14 semi-structured interviews with cobot manufacturers and users, we examine the usages of cobots in the manufacturing industry over the entire temporal spectrum from pre-introduction to completed implementation. By synthesizing diverse stakeholders' perspectives, we present a set of main findings; key roles of a few supportive production workers during the adoption of cobots; a fragmentation of work tasks and the resulting loss of job identity among workers; the disunified meaning of ``collaboration'' which is under constant development; and the collaborative space and the working rhythms between production workers and cobots. By reconsidering what collaboration means in the workplace with cobots, we propose the concept of \textit{bounded collaboration}, which means that the anticipated collaboration is manifested in a partial and limited manner within a collaborative technology. Finally, we provide practical suggestions for examining and supporting organizations and users in their adoption of cobots.2022ECEunJeong Cheon et al.Human-Robot Interaction; Human-Robot InteractionCSCW
Do You See What I Hear? — Peripheral Absolute and Relational Visualisation Techniques for Sound ZonesSound zone technology allows multiple simultaneous sound experiences for multiple people in the same room without interference. However, given the inherent invisible and intangible nature of sound zones, it is unclear how to communicate the position and size of sound zones to users. This paper compares two visualisation techniques; absolute visualisation, relational visualisation, as well as a baseline condition without visualisations. In a within-subject experiment (N=33), we evaluated these techniques for effectiveness and efficiency across four representative tasks. Our findings show that the absolute and relational visualisation techniques increase effectiveness in multi-user tasks but not in single-user tasks. The efficiency for all tasks was improved using visualisations. We discuss the potential of visualisations for sound zones and highlight future research opportunities for sound zone interaction.2022RJRune Møberg Jacobsen et al.Aalborg UniversityInteractive Data VisualizationVisualization Perception & CognitionCHI
Investigating Human-Robot Cooperation in a Hospital Environment: Scrutinising Visions and Actual Realisation of Mobile Robots in Service WorkThis study analysed work activity in a hospital basement where humans and robots interacted and cooperated on logistics tasks. The robots were deployed to automate parts of courier processes and improve the work environment for the hospital’s kitchen staff. Human–robot cooperation was studied through ethnographic fieldwork relating to mobile service robots and hospital kitchen staff. The results highlighted problems arising through the assumption that the ‘plug and play’ service robots could effectively automate work tasks. The analysis revealed the complexity of human–robot interaction in dynamic work settings such as hospitals and identified contradictions between the envisioning and realisation of robots at work, as well as the visible and invisible procedures underpinning human–robot cooperation. Consequently, we emphasise the importance of considering robots as agents of change and draw attention to the new work practices that arise when robots assume the roles of workers in dynamic work settings.2021KTKristina Tornbjerg et al.Social Robot InteractionHuman-Robot Collaboration (HRC)DIS
One Byte at a Time: Insights about Meaningful Data for Sustainable Food Consumption PracticesData have played an extensive role in sustainable HCI research by informing the impacts of our behavior on the environment and helping us make better environmental choices. However, in the area of sustainable food consumption and sustainable HCI, there is little investigation on the roles of food data for the design of technology. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study of sustainable-conscious individuals’ food data seeking experiences. Our results show the way in which the current food data is challenging our understanding of its environmental impacts, which concern data of availability, data representations, and data cultures. Drawing from Loukissas’ six critical data principles, we discuss how “locality” and "place" could cast a new insight on food and its sustainability. We also offer possible design directions for sustainable HCI technologies utilizing food data.2021MLMartin Valdemar Anker Lindrup et al.Sustainable HCIFood Culture & Food InteractionDIS
Domestic Robots and the Dream of Automation: Understanding Human Interaction and InterventionDomestic robots such as vacuum cleaners or lawnmowers are becoming popular consumer products in private homes, but while current HCI research on domestic robots has highlighted for example personalisation, long-term effects, or design guidelines, little attention has been paid to automation. To address this, we conducted a qualitative study with 24 participants in private households using interviews, contextual technology tours, and robot deployment. Through thematic analysis we identified three themes related to 1) work routines and automation, 2) domestic robot automation and the physical environment, as well as 3) interaction and breakdown intervention. We present an empirical understanding of how task automation using domestic robots can be implemented in the home. Lastly, we discuss our findings in relation to existing literature and highlight three opportunities for improved task automation using domestic robots for future research.2021ESEike Schneiders et al.Aalborg UniversityDomestic RobotsSmart Home Privacy & SecurityCHI
Effect of Information Presentation on Fairness Perceptions of Machine Learning PredictorsThe uptake of artificial intelligence-based applications raises concerns about the fairness and transparency of AI behaviour. Consequently, the Computer Science community calls for the involvement of the general public in the design and evaluation of AI systems. Assessing the fairness of individual predictors is an essential step in the development of equitable algorithms. In this study, we evaluate the effect of two common visualisation techniques (text-based and scatterplot) and the display of the outcome information (i.e., ground-truth) on the perceived fairness of predictors. Our results from an online crowdsourcing study (N = 80) show that the chosen visualisation technique significantly alters people's fairness perception and that the presented scenario, as well as the participant's gender and past education, influence perceived fairness. Based on these results we draw recommendations for future work that seeks to involve non-experts in AI fairness evaluations.2021NBNiels van Berkel et al.Aalborg UniversityExplainable AI (XAI)AI Ethics, Fairness & AccountabilityRecommender System UXCHI
Available Anytime Anywhere: Investigating Mobile Volunteer Responders for Out of Hospital Cardiac ArrestsOut of hospital cardiac arrest is a life-threatening event that requires immediate resuscitation actions. Therefore, digital volunteer responder initiatives integrate nearby users who can be activated anytime, anywhere through mobile technologies to assist in administering first aid. While research has found that such initiatives increases the chances of surviving, we know little about how responders use the digital services, and how they organize themselves before, during, and after responding. We conducted interviews with volunteer responders (N=16) to address how they perceive these initiatives and in particular how they negotiate availability temporally (anytime) and spatially (anywhere) for such life-threatening events. Our findings show that our responders exhibited strong perceptions of how and why one should volunteer. Also, the temporal aspect of being available anytime integrates several dimensions, while being available anywhere is highly related to safety, community and group roles. Finally, we discuss implications for design of volunteer responder initiatives.2021MKMaria Kjærup et al.Aalborg UniversityTelemedicine & Remote Patient MonitoringTeleoperation & TelepresenceCHI
Digital-Enabled Last Mile: A Study of Passenger Trips in Rural, Low-density Populated AreasPublic transportation in rural areas is difficult due to low numbers of passengers and diverse needs, also reflected in the last mile problem that points to the distance to access transportation hubs in order to connect with core networks of transportation. In this paper, we study public transportation in rural areas using a digital-enabled, demand-responsive service called Plustur. This service was recently introduced as an effort to increase mobility in underserved rural areas by creating routes ad-hoc to answer to the last mile(s). We study how passengers and drivers understand Plustur, as well as experience the role of passenger. Our findings show that Plustur is viewed as a benefit for autonomy of mobility in rural areas, however is lacking in addressing integration of modes of mobilities, flexibility and spontaneous trips. We contribute with design implications for digital multimodal mobility services.2020MKMaria Kjærup et al.Aalborg UniversitySmart Cities & Urban SensingPublic Transit & Trip PlanningCHI
Underneath the Skin: An Analysis of YouTube Videos to Understand Insertable Device InteractionDuring the last decade, people have started to experiment with insertable technology like RFID or NFC chips and use them for e.g. identification. However, little is known about how people in fact interact with and adapt insertables. We conducted a video analysis of 122 YouTube videos to gain insight into the interaction with the insertables. Second, we implemented an online survey to complement our data from the video analysis. Our findings show that there are many opportunities for interaction with insertables both for task-oriented and creative purposes. However, there are also multiple challenges and obstacles as well as side effects and health concerns. Our findings conclude that the current infrastructure is not ready to support the use of insertables yet, and we discuss implications of this.2019AKAida Komkaite et al.Aalborg UniversityHaptic WearablesBiosensors & Physiological MonitoringTechnology Ethics & Critical HCICHI
Using Smartwatch Inertial Sensors to Recognize and Distinguish Between Car Drivers and PassengersPeople increasingly interact with social media or other apps on their smartphones while driving car. This is naturally a major safety concern, and it remains unclear how to avoid or limit such interaction. We investigate this problem through human activity recognition (HAR) where we developed a system called IRIS, which collects smartwatch accelerometer data and analyses the data through machine learning and predicts if the data origins from a driver or a passenger. We report from a field experiment with 24 participants acting as drivers or passengers where we achieved an overall prediction accuracy of 87%. We further found that various road segments had less effect on the accuracy than anticipated, but we also found that passenger tasks had a negative effect on recognition accuracy. We discuss several implications from findings.2018THThomas A. Cano Hald et al.Human Pose & Activity RecognitionBiosensors & Physiological MonitoringAutoUI
Designing the Desirable Smart Home: A Study of Household Experiences and Energy Consumption ImpactsResearch has shown that desirable designs shape the use and experiences people have when interacting with technology. Nevertheless, how desirability influences energy consumption is often overlooked, particularly in HCI studies evaluating the sustainability benefits of smart home technology. In this paper, we present a qualitative study with 23 Australian households who reflect on their experiences of living with smart home devices. Drawing on Nelson and Stolterman’s concept of desiderata we develop a typology of householders’ desires for the smart home and their energy implications. We structure these desires as three smart home personas: the helper, optimiser and hedonist, which align with desiderata’s three approaches to desire (reason, ethics and aesthetics). We use these insights to discuss how desirability can be used within HCI for steering design of the smart home towards sustainability.2018RJRikke Hagensby Jensen et al.Aalborg UniversitySmart Home Interaction DesignSustainable HCICHI
Passenger Trip Planning using Ride-Sharing ServicesRide-sharing can potentially address transportation challenges such as traffic congestion and air pollution by letting drivers share their cars unused capacity with a number of passengers. However, even though multiple ride-sharing services exist and HCI research has investigated various aspects of their use, we still have limited knowledge on how passengers use ride-sharing services to plan their trips. In this paper, we study how passengers use existing services to support the activity of planning a trip. We report from a qualitative study where we participated in 5 rides and conducted interviews with 19 passengers about their use and opinions towards ride-sharing services. We found that planning a ride involves comparing individual preferences across a number of services which enabled participants to support finding a trip and handle challenges such as privacy and trust. Further, we discuss these findings and their implications for future HCI research in ride-sharing.2018MSMichael K. Svangren et al.Aalborg UniversityRidesharing PlatformsCHI
Child-Computer Interaction SIG: Ubiquity and Big Data - A Changing Technology Landscape for ChildrenThis SIG will provide child-computer interaction researchers and practitioners an opportunity to discuss topics related to challenges brought about by the increasing ubiquity of computing in children’s lives, including the collection, and use of “big data”. Topics include control and ownership of children’s data, the impact of personalization on inclusion, the proper role for the quantification of children’s lives, and the educational needs of children growing up in a society with ubiquitous computing and big data.2018JHJuan Pablo Hourcade et al.University of IowaEarly Childhood Education TechnologySpecial Education TechnologyCHI