Exploring the Impacts of Background Noise on Auditory Stimuli of Audio-Visual eHMIs for Hearing, Deaf, and Hard-of-Hearing PeopleExternal Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) have been proposed to enhance communication between automated vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians, with growing interest in multi-modal designs such as audio-visual eHMIs. Just as poor lighting can impair visual cues, a loud background noise may mask the auditory stimuli. However,…2026WXWenge Xu et al.Birmingham City UniversityExternal HMI (eHMI) — Communication with Pedestrians & CyclistsAudio Accessibility (Captions, Sign Language, Vibration)CHI
eHMI for All - Investigating the Effect of External Communication of Automated Vehicles on Pedestrians, Manual Drivers, and CyclistsWith automated vehicles (AVs), the absence of a human operator could necessitate external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) to communicate with other road users. Existing research primarily focuses on pedestrian-AV interactions, with limited attention given to other road users, such as cyclists and drivers of manually…2026MCMark Colley et al.University of UlmExternal HMI (eHMI) — Communication with Pedestrians & CyclistsCHI
Rethinking External Communication of Autonomous Vehicles: Is the Field Converging, Diverging, or Stalling?As autonomous vehicles enter public spaces, external human–machine interfaces are proposed to support communication with external road users. A decade of research has produced hundreds of studies and reviews, yet it remains unclear whether the field is converging on shared principles or diverging across approaches. We…2026TTTram Thi Minh Tran et al.University of SydneyExternal HMI (eHMI) — Communication with Pedestrians & CyclistsCHI
Socially Adaptive Autonomous Vehicles: Effects of Contingent Driving Behavior on Drivers' ExperiencesSocial scientists have argued that autonomous vehicles (AVs) need to act as effective social agents; they have to respond implicitly to other drivers' behaviors as human drivers would. In this paper, we investigate how contingent driving behavior in AVs influences human drivers' experiences. We compared three algorith…2025CYChishang "Mario" Yang et al.Cornell UniversityAutomated Driving Interface & Takeover DesignAI-Assisted Decision-Making & AutomationAutoUI
What Researchers Need from Driving Simulator Systems: A Thematic Analysis of Expert InterviewsAutomotive researchers face challenges using diverse driving simulator tools to address their research questions. This paper aims to identify the needs in current driving simulator systems. Numerous driving simulator systems are available and are continuing to be developed, but researchers' needs are often overlooked…2025SLStacey Li et al.Cornell TechPrototyping & User TestingField StudiesAutoUI
SPAT: Situational Prosocial and Aggressive Behavior Perception in Traffic ScaleAutomated vehicles (AVs) reached technological maturity and will soon arrive on streets as traffic participants. Human traffic participants such as drivers, pedestrians, or cyclists will be increasingly confronted with the presence of AVs within their environment, not necessarily knowing or understanding what to expec…2025HİHatice Şahin İppoliti et al.Carl von Ossietzky University of OldenburgTeleoperated DrivingV2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) Communication DesignAI-Assisted Decision-Making & AutomationAutoUI
Evaluating Autonomous Vehicle External Communication using a Multi-Pedestrian VR SimulatorTran等人开发多行人VR模拟器评估自动驾驶车辆外部通信效果，通过模拟真实交通场景测试车辆与行人交互的通信有效性和安全性。2024TTTram Thi Minh Tran et al.University of SydneyExternal HMI (eHMI) — Communication with Pedestrians & CyclistsUbiComp
Computational Models for In-Vehicle User Interface Design: A Systematic Literature ReviewIn this review, we analyze the current state of the art of computational models for in-vehicle User Interface (UI) design. Driver distraction, often caused by drivers performing Non Driving Related Tasks (NDRTs), is a major contributor to vehicle crashes. Accordingly, in-vehicle UI s must be evaluated for their distra…2024MLMartin Lorenz et al.Leipzig UniversityIn-Vehicle Haptic, Audio & Multimodal FeedbackUser Research Methods (Interviews, Surveys, Observation)Prototyping & User TestingAutoUI
Towards Instrumented Fingerprinting of Urban Traffic: A Novel Methodology using Distributed Mobile Point-of-View CamerasAmidst the replication crisis, it is increasingly clear that we need to understand contextual factors that drive participant behavior, because those factors influence the applicability of study findings more broadly. For AutoUI, as we conduct interaction studies involving drivers, pedestrians, and other traffic partic…2024MFMatt Franchi et al.Cornell UniversityHead-Up Display (HUD) & Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) Communication DesignAutoUI
Multi-Modal eHMIs: The Relative Impact of Light and Sound in AV-Pedestrian InteractionExternal Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) have been evaluated to facilitate interactions between Automated Vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians. Most eHMIs are, however, visual/ light-based solutions, and multi-modal eHMIs have received little attention to date. We ran an experimental video study (N = 29) to systematically…2024DDDebargha Dey et al.Technical University EindhovenExternal HMI (eHMI) — Communication with Pedestrians & CyclistsIn-Vehicle Haptic, Audio & Multimodal FeedbackCHI
Designing for Collaborative Non-Driving Related Activities in Future Cars: Fairness and Team PerformanceWith the gradual transition towards assisted and automated driving, the car will transform into a more social environment where passengers and drivers engage in Non-Driving-Related Activities (NDRA). To support collaboration among occupants in future vehicles, research suggests interactive systems controlled by severa…2023MBMelanie Berger et al.Technical University EindhovenMotion Sickness & Passenger ExperienceWorkplace Monitoring & Performance TrackingMobileHCI
A Real Bottleneck Scenario with a Wizard of Oz Automated Vehicle - Role of eHMIsAutomated vehicles (AVs) are expected to encounter various ambiguous space-sharing conflicts in urban traffic. Bottleneck scenarios, where one of the parts needs to resolve the conflict by yielding priority to the other, could be utilized as a representative ambiguous scenario to understand human behavior in experimen…2023HİHatice Şahin İppoliti et al.Carl von Ossietzky University of OldenburgExternal HMI (eHMI) — Communication with Pedestrians & CyclistsAutoUI
Towards a Scalable eHMI: Designing for AV-VRU Communication Beyond One PedestrianCurrent research on external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) in facilitating interactions between automated vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians have largely focused on one-to-one encounters. In order for eHMIs to be viable in reality, they need to be scalable, i.e., facilitate interaction with more than one pedestrian wit…2021DDDebargha Dey et al.Technical University EindhovenExternal HMI (eHMI) — Communication with Pedestrians & CyclistsAutoUI
The Effects of Explicit Intention Communication, Conspicuous Sensors, and Pedestrian Attitude in Interactions with Automated VehiclesIn this paper, we investigate the effect of an external human-machine interface (eHMI) and a conspicuous external vehicle appearance due to visible sensors on pedestrian interactions with automated vehicles (AVs). Recent research shows that AVs may need to explicitly communicate with the environment due to the absence…2020SASander Ackermans et al.Technical University EindhovenExternal HMI (eHMI) — Communication with Pedestrians & CyclistsCHI
Color and Animation Preferences for a Light Band eHMI in Interactions Between Automated Vehicles and PedestriansIn this paper, we report user preferences regarding color and animation patterns to support the interaction between Automated Vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians through an external Human-Machine-Interface (eHMI). Existing concepts of eHMI differ -- among other things -- in their use of colors or animations to express an A…2020DDDebargha Dey et al.Technical University EindhovenExternal HMI (eHMI) — Communication with Pedestrians & CyclistsCHI
Gaze Patterns in Pedestrian Interaction with Vehicles: Towards Effective Design of External Human-Machine Interfaces for Automated VehiclesIn road-crossing situations involving negotiation with approaching vehicles, pedestrians need to take into account the behavior of the car before making a decision. To investigate the kind of information about the car that pedestrians seek, and the places where do they look for it, we conducted an eye-tracking study w…2019DDDebargha Dey et al.Technical University EindhovenExternal HMI (eHMI) — Communication with Pedestrians & CyclistsAutoUI