UQRCom: Underwater Wireless Communication Based on QR Code

"While communication in the air has been a norm with the pervasiveness of WiFi and LTE infrastructure, underwater communication still faces a lot of challenges. Even nowadays, the main communication method for divers in underwater environment is hand gesture. There are multiple issues associated with gesture-based communication including limited amount of information and ambiguity. On the other hand, traditional RF-based wireless communication technologies which have achieved great success in the air can hardly work in underwater environment due to the extremely severe attenuation. In this paper, we propose UQRCom, an underwater wireless communication system designed for divers. We design a UQR code which stems from QR code and address the unique challenges in underwater environment such as color cast, contrast reduction and light interfere. With both real-world experiments and simulation, we show that the proposed system can achieve robust real-time communication in underwater environment. For UQR codes with a size of 19.8 cm x 19.8 cm, the communication distance can be 11.2 m and the achieved data rate (6.9 kbps ~ 13.6 kbps) is high enough for voice communication between divers. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3571588"