Vivian: A Technical Framework for Deploying and Operating Virtual Prototypes in XR

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In this paper, we describe Vivian, a technical framework for deploying and operating Virtual Prototypes (VPs) in Virtual and Augmented Reality (XR). Vivian is based on a static model of a VP, e.g., a microwave oven. We extend this model with a functionality specification describing the intended functionality of the VP. Based on this, the Vivian Framework is capable of deploying the VP in XR, i.e., on a desktop PC, in mobile AR, and in VR, as well as providing an interaction with it. Through this, it lays the basis for fast and efficient usability evaluations of VPs, which may also take place in a remote fashion. We evaluated the Vivian Framework by modeling and interacting with four VPs. Our study shows that the principles of Vivian cover many aspects to model VPs and their functionality, but that it also has some limitations, e.g., regarding the modeling complexity.