RelieFab: Gradual-Depth 2.5D Texture Prototyping using a Laser Cutter

We propose RelieFab, a rapid prototyping method that produces 2.5D textured surfaces with gradual depth transitions. Conventional rapid prototyping methods using a laser cutter can quickly cut out parts for 3D prototypes, but their surfaces can only be flat and smooth. 3D printing offers detailed textures but is time-consuming. Our method enables the rapid creation of objects with finely detailed gradual-depth 2.5D textured surfaces, distinguishing it from conventional binary engraving using a laser cutter. By applying localized high-density energy from a laser cutter to low thermal conductivity polystyrene foam, the laser cutter can selectively remove only the specifically targeted parts of the surface of the polystyrene foam. We have built a computational model and conducted experiments to determine the appropriate laser parameters to accurately and stably remove the polystyrene foam. By utilizing the appropriate laser parameters derived from this process, we can demonstrate applications, including haptic textures and visual translucency.