Physical and Tangible Input

Tactile Localization of Physical Keys

Knobs and Continuous Adjustment

Levers and Joysticks

Pressure Input

Tangible Interaction

Shape-Changing Interfaces

Tradeoffs Between Physical and On-Screen Controls

Key Travel, Tactile Detent, and Confirmation

Eyes-Free Key Layout Zoning

Knob Detents and Damping

Levers, Joysticks, and Directional Control

Pressure Input and Force Levels

Mode Problems in Multifunction Physical Controls

Labels and Illumination of Physical Controls

Deformable and Shape-Changing Interfaces

Mechanical Reliability and Lifetime